Road shoulders

0.5% steeper than pavement slope
Minimum slope - 3%
Maximum slope - 5%

Coefficient of permeability

1) Gravel > 1cm / sec
2) Sand - 1- 0.001
3) silt 1- 0.000001
4) Clay > 0.000001

Workability of concrete

1) Very stiff
     1. Slump- none
     2. compaction factor 0.70
2) Stiff
     1. Slump- 0 - 25mm
     2. Compaction factor- 0.75
3) Plastic stiff
    1. Slump 25 - 75mm
    2. Compaction factor - 0.85
4) Plastic
     1. Slump 50- 100mm
     2. CF- 0.90
5) Flowing
    1. Slump 100-150mm
    2. CF - 0.95

Cement

1) specific gravity- 3.14
2) volume ( 1 bag) - 0.035 m³
3) Density - 1440 kg/m³
4) Setting time 1) IST - 1) square needle ( 1mm)
                                         2 ) 30 min for opc
                            2) FST - annular coller(5mm). 10 hr

Geodimeter

GEODIMETER
1) It is a medium range electronic distance meter(EDM)
2)Range 1) on day - 5 km
                2) at night - 25 km

Optical square

Glass Angles

1) HORIZON GLASS- 120°

2) INDEX GLASS - 105°

(Note- angle between Horizon glass and index glass is 45°)